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Saturday, March 10, 2007

Simulacra


Simulacra are vague likenesses, and they starred in Jean Baudrillard's 1981 book, Simulacra and Simulations. Baudrillard loved juicy disinformation, and illustrators are past masters of it. Nothing can distort and misinform quite so well as a thoroughly misleading drawing. Here's an example: on the right are shown three different skulls in profile, Caucasian, African and Chimpanzee. The African profile is faked to look like a chimpanzee's. On the left are the three supposedly corresponding faces, sharply emphasizing the vast chasm that separates in appearance the god Apollo, a so-called "Creole Negro", and a particularly poorly-drawn chimpanzee. The purpose of these images is to reinforce white racism and Imperialist overlordship. The victim here is the African: such simulacra were deployed by the Nazis to degrade Jews.
The chimpanzee skull is accurate enough, as is the human one. However, the simulacra do not include the skull of the baby chimp, which is far flatter than the adult's, reflecting the Darwinian observation that human adults have an infantilised face.
Meanwhile, the "Creole Negro" skull is a grotesque forgery, as demonstrated by this African skull found in a slave cemetary in the USA. Such racist forgeries were common at the time, and even corrupted the world of science in the notorious case of the Piltdown non-man. Note the latitude for forgery in drawing, as opposed to photography.

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